Where Do You Put Apa Citations on a Literature Review

Your Ultimate MLA Format Guide & Generator

What is MLA?

MLA stands for the Modern Language Association, an system that focuses on linguistic communication and literature.

Depending on which bailiwick area your grade or enquiry focuses on, your professor may ask you to cite your sources in MLA manner. This is a specific style to cite, following the Modern Language Association's guidelines. There are other styles, such as APA format and Chicago citation style, but MLA format is oftentimes used for literature, linguistic communication, liberal arts, and other humanities subjects. This guide extensively covers this format but is not associated with the arrangement.

What is MLA Citing?

The Modern Linguistic communication Association Handbook is in its 9th edition and standardizes the fashion scholars document their sources and format their papers. When everyone documents their sources and papers in the aforementioned way, it is simple to recognize and understand the types of sources used for a project. Readers of your work will expect at your citations non only to sympathize them but possibly to explore them too.

When yous're borrowing information from a source and placing information technology in your research or assignment, it'southward important to give credit to the original author. This is washed by creating an MLA citation. Depending on the type of information you're including in your work, you may place citations in the body of your project and in a works-cited listing at the end of your project.

The handbook explains how to create MLA citations. This page summarizes the information in the handbook'southward 9th edition.

There is also a department beneath on a recommended way to create an MLA header. These headers appear at the top of your assignment'due south pages. Check with your instructor on whether they prefer a certain MLA format for the header.

What is MLA Format?

The 9th edition is the most recent and updated version for MLA citations. Released in April 2021, the citation format differs slightly from previous versions. This update follows the 2016 update for the 8th edition that independent many significant changes from previous editions.

For the 8th edition, the biggest difference and almost exciting update was the apply of one standard format for all source types. In previous versions, scholars were required to locate the citation format for the specific source that they used. In that location were dissimilar formats for books, websites, periodicals, and so on. After 2016, using ane universal MLA citation format allowed scholars to spend less time trying to locate the proper format to document their sources and focus more on their inquiry.

Other updates included the addition of "containers." A container provides details on a work contained inside a larger work. For example, books contain chapters, albums contain songs, and journals comprise journal articles. The source is the larger work, such as a website, while the container is a smaller work within that source, such as a curt story on the website.

MLA now encourages you to add DOIs or URLs to citations. Utilise a DOI instead of a URL when it'due south available. According to the MLA 9th edition, you can usually exit out http:// or https:// from URLs unless you want to hyperlink them. For DOIs, use http:// or https:// before the DOI: https://doi.org/20.xxxx/xxx.xxxx.xxxx).

Social media pseudonyms and usernames can replace the existent name of the author. Book and issue numbers are now abbreviated as "vol." and "no." Cities of publication and the source's medium (such as print or web) are no longer included in citations. For academic presses/publishers, with the words "university" or "press," shorten "university" to "U", and "press" to "P" (Cambridge UP). Lowercase seasons when using them in the engagement field of a commendation (spring 2021 not Bound 2021).

Bibliography vs. Works Cited - What's the Difference?

You may accept heard the two terms, "Bibliography" and "Works Cited" thrown around interchangeably. The truth is that they are two unlike words with 2 completely different meanings.

A bibliography is a list of sources that the author recommends for further reading. A works-cited listing is a listing of sources that were included in the writer's writing.

Desire to suggest some books and websites to your reader? Create an MLA format bibliography by creating a list of total citations and label the page as "Bibliography."

Did you utilise whatsoever quotes or identify any paraphrases in your writing? Create in-text citations and place them in the body of your piece of work. And so, create a list of full citations and identify them at the end of the projection. Label the page as "Works Cited."

The good news is that references in MLA bibliography format and regular works-cited lists are structured the exact aforementioned manner.

Citing Nuts

When adding information to your project from some other source, you are required to add together an MLA citation. At that place are two types of MLA format citations: in-text citations and total citations.

Full Commendation Basics:

All sources used for a projection are found on the MLA format "Works Cited" page, which is generally the last portion of a project.

MLA citing format often includes the following pieces of information, in this order:

Author's Last name, Showtime name. "Title of Source." Title of Container, Other contributors, Version, Numbers, Publisher, Publication Appointment, Location.

For more information about each private chemical element and for proper formatting rules, meet the sections below on author names, titles, containers, names of other contributors, source versions, numbers, publishers, publication dates, and locations.

Observe more in-depth rules regarding the works-cited list in MLA format on the folio downwards below, forth with a sample folio.

Don't forget, our BibMe MLA commendation generator is an MLA formatter that helps you create your citations apace and easily!

Commendation Components

Authors:

The author's name is by and large the start detail in a citation (unless the source does not take an author). The author's proper noun is followed by a period.

If the source has one author, identify the last name offset, add a comma, and then the showtime name.

MLA format:

Lee, Harper.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott.

If your source has 2 authors, place them in the same order they're shown on the source. The offset writer is in contrary society, add a comma and the word "and", and so place the 2nd writer in standard course. Follow their names with a period.

Case:

Monsen, Avery, and Jory John.

For 3 or more authors, only include the get-go listed author's name. Identify the first author'southward name in opposite order (Terminal name, Starting time name) identify a comma afterwards, then add the Latin phrase "et al."

Example:

Borokhovic, Kenneth A., et al.

For social media posts, it's acceptable to use a screen name or username in identify of the author's name. Start the citation with the user'due south handle.

Instance:

@TheOnion. "Experts Warn Number of Retirees Will Completely Overwhelm Scenic Railway Industry by 2030." Twitter, nine Oct. 2017, nine:50 a.grand., twitter.com/TheOnion/status/917386689500340225.

No author listed? If there isn't an author, start the commendation with the title and skip the author section completely.

Citations do not need to always start with the proper noun of the writer. When your research focuses on a specific private that is someone other than the author, it is appropriate for readers to see that individual'southward name at the beginning of the commendation. Directors, actors, translators, editors, and illustrators are common individuals to list at the start. Again, just include their name in identify of the writer if your research focuses on that specific individual.

To include someone other than the writer at the beginning of the commendation, place their proper noun in reverse club, add a comma later on, so the office of that individual followed past a period.

Examples:

Fimmel, Travis, performer. Vikings. Created past Michael Hirst, History Aqueduct, 2013-2016.

Gage, John T., editor. The Promise of Reason: Studies in the New Rhetoric. SIU Printing, 2011.

Here's a helpful tabular array to refer to when structuring writer names:

Titles and Containers:

Titles follow the name of the author and are written in championship capitalization class.

If yous're citing a source in its entirety, such as a full book, a movie, or a music anthology, then place the title in italics.

Examples:

Franzen, Jonathan. The Corrections. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2001.

Rufus Du Sol. Bloom. Sweat It Out! 2016.

If you're citing a source, such as a chapter in a volume, a song on an album, or an article in a journal or website, then identify the championship of the piece in quotations and add a period afterwards. Follow it with the title of the full source, in italics, and so add a comma. This 2d portion is chosen the container. Containers house smaller works, such as songs, in larger comprehensive works, such as albums.

Examples with containers:

Title of Source	Container	Structure	Case
Song	Album	"Song." Anthology,	Beyonce. "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)." I am...Sasha Vehement, Sony, 2008, track 2.
Affiliate	Book	"Chapter." Book,	Aku, Hanjat. "I'm Drifting." An Anthology of Modern Indonesian Verse, edited by Burton Raffel, Country University of New York Albany, 1964.
Article	Website or Periodical	"Commodity Title." Website or Periodical Championship,	Vance, Erik, and Erika Larsen. "Heed Over Thing." National Geographic Magazine, Dec. 2016, pp. 30-55.
Web page	Website	"Web folio." Website,	Becker, Mikkel. "6 Common Dog Behavior Myths Get Disrepair." VetStreet, 19 July 2016, www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/6-common-domestic dog-behavior-myths-get-busted.

Wondering what to do with subtitles? Identify a colon in between the title and subtitle. Write both parts in title capitalization grade.

Example:

Nasar, Sylvia. A Beautiful Listen: The Life of Mathematical Genius and Nobel Laureate John Nash. Simon and Schuster, 2001.

If the source does not have a title, give a cursory description and practise not use quotation marks or italics.

Example:

Israel, Aaron. Brooklyn rooftop acrylic painting. 2012, 12 W ninth Street, New York Urban center.

For a tweet, the total text of the tweet is placed where the title sits.

Example:

@LOCMaps. "#DYK the commencement public zoo to open up in the Usa was the #Philadelphia Zoo? #50States." Twitter, ix February. 2017, 3:14 p.1000., twitter.com/LOCMaps/status/829785441549185024.

For email letters, the subject of the electronic mail is the title. Place this data in quotation marks.

Example:

Rabe, Leor. "Fwd: Nippon Itinerary." Received past Raphael Rabe, 11 February 2017.

Citations with Two Containers:

Information technology is possible for a source to sit down in a 2d or larger container. A periodical article sits in its first container, which is the journal itself, but it tin also sit down in a larger container, such as a database. A song can sit in its starting time container, which is the album it's found on. And then it can sit down in its next container, which could be Spotify or iTunes.

Information technology is of import to include the second container because the content on i container may differ from content from some other container.

MLA citing with 2 containers should be formatted like this:

Author's Concluding name, First name. "Title of Source." Title of Container, Other Contributors, Version, Numbers, Publisher, Publication Date, Location. Title of 2d Container, Other Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Engagement, Location.

In almost cases, for the second container, simply the title of the second container and the location is needed. Why? For readers to locate the source themselves, they'll most likely employ the majority of the information found in the first role of the commendation.

Examples of Citations with 2 Containers:

Sallis, James, et al. "Physical Education's Part in Public Wellness: Steps Forrard and Backward Over 20 Years and Hope for the Hereafter." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, vol. 83, no. 2, Jun. 2012, pp. 125-135. ProQuest, ezproxy.nypl.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1023317255?accountid=35635.

Baker, Martha. "Fashion: Isaac in Wonderland." New York Magazine, vol. 24, no. three, 21 Jan. 1991, pp. fifty-54. Google Books, books.google.com/books?id=PukCAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=magazine&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=magazine&f=simulated.

Remember, BibMe has an MLA works-cited generator that creates citations for you quickly and hands!

Format for Other Contributors:

In MLA citing, when there are other individuals (besides the author) who play a significant role in your research, include them in this department of the citation. Other contributors tin can likewise be added to help individuals locate the source themselves. You tin can add every bit many other contributors as you similar.

Offset this part of the citation with the individual'southward role, followed by the give-and-take "by". Detect that when adding other contributors after a period, yous capitalize the offset letter of the individual'due south role. When adding other contributors after a comma, yous lowercase the first letter of the alphabet of the individual'due south role.

Examples:

Gaitskill, Mary. "Twilight of the Superheroes." The Scribner Anthology of Gimmicky Short Fiction: 50 North American Stories Since 1970, edited past Lex Williford and Michael Martone, Simon and Schuster, 2012, pp. 228-238.

The Incredibles. Directed by Brad Bird, produced by John Walker, Pixar, 2004.

Gospodinov, Georgi. The Physics of Sorrow. Translated by Angela Rodel, Open Letter of the alphabet, 2015.

Format for Versions:

Sources tin come up in dissimilar versions. There are numerous bible versions; books can come in versions (such as numbered editions), and even movies and songs can have special versions.

When a source indicates that it is different than other versions, include this data in the citation. This will help readers locate the exact source that y'all used for your project.

Examples:

The Bible. Lexham English Version, Logos, 2011, lexhamenglishbible.com.

Crank, J. The Mathematics of Improvidence. 2nd ed., Clarendon, 1979.

Afrojack. "Take Over Command." Beatport, performance by Eva Simons, extended version, 2011, www.beatport.com/rail/accept-over-command-feat-eva-simons-extended/1621534.

Format for Numbers:

Any numbers related to a source that isn't the publication engagement, page range, or version number should be placed in the numbers position of the citation. This includes book and effect numbers for journal articles, book or series numbers for books, comic book numbers, and tv set episode numbers, to name a few.

When including volume and issue numbers, use the abridgement "vol." for book and "no." for number.

Examples:

Zhai, Xiaojuan, and Jingjing Wang. "Improving Relations Between Users and Libraries: A Survey of Chinese Bookish Libraries." The Electronic Library, vol. 34, no. 4, 2016, pp. 597-616. ProQuest Research Library, ezproxy.nypl.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.i.ezproxy.nypl.org/docview/1841764839?accountid=35635.

"Chestnut." Westworld, directed by Richard J. Lewis, flavour 1, episode 2, Warner Bros., 2016.

Publishers:

The publisher produces the source. In the citation, place the publisher before the appointment of publication. Include the publisher for whatever source type except websites when the name of the publisher is the aforementioned as the name of the website. Also, it's non necessary to include the proper noun of publishers for newspapers, magazines, or journal manufactures, since the name of the publisher is generally insignificant.

When sources have more than one publisher that share responsibility for the production of the source, identify a slash between the names of the publishers.

Utilize the abbreviation "UP" when the name of the publisher includes the words "University Press."

Example:

Cambridge Upward

Publication Dates:

When including the date that the source was published, display the corporeality of information that is found on the source, whether information technology's the full date, the month and year, or just the year.

If the engagement includes a flavor rather than a month, make certain to lowercase the season (spring 2021 not Spring 2021). Practise non capitalize the season.

Example:

ii Nov. 2016 or November. 2, 2016

When multiple dates are shown on the source, include the date that is virtually relevant to your work and enquiry.

Abbreviate months longer than 4 letters.

Locations:

The location refers to the identify where the source can be institute. This can be in the form of a URL, page number, disc number, or physical place.

When citing websites in MLA, include DOIs or URLs. Re-create the DOI or URL direct from the address bar or link in your browser window. If a DOI number is nowadays, utilise it in place of a URL. Y'all can normally get out out http:// or https:// from URLs unless you lot want to hyperlink them. For DOIs, utilise http:// or https:// before the DOI: https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/thirty.xxxx.xxxx.

For folio numbers, use the abbreviation "p." when referring to only one page, and "pp." for a range of pages.

In-Text & Parenthetical Citation Nuts:

When using a direct quote or paraphrasing information from a source, add together an in-text or parenthetical citation into the body of your piece of work. Direct quotes are word-for-word quotes pulled from a source and added to your project. A paraphrase is when you take a department of information from a source and put it in your own words. Both direct quotes and paraphrases require an in-text or parenthetical commendation to follow it.

Format your parenthetical or in-text commendation in MLA equally follows:

"Direct quote" or paraphrase (Author'southward terminal proper noun and folio number).

OR

Author's last proper name said that "Directly Quote" or paraphrase (page number).

*See the comprehensive section below on MLA in-text citations for further description and instructions.

MLA In-Text and Parenthetical Citations

What is an In-Text Commendation or Parenthetical Citation?

Y'all used data from websites, manufactures, books, and other sources for your paper, correct? Hopefully, you did, because the best enquiry and writing projects validate claims using information from other sources.

The purpose of an in-text commendation is to give the reader a cursory idea nearly where y'all establish the information used in your writing.

When you lot place a line of text, word for word (chosen a direct quote), or an thought (called a paraphrase) from another source into your writing, you, the writer, must brandish:

• who created that information (the original writer's proper name)

AND

• the folio number you found it on

Check out this example:

"A main clause has to accept a finite verb" (Cameron 94).

No author? No problem! Include the title, and if it's lengthy, shorten it.

The major thing to keep in listen is that whichever information you include in the in-text or parenthetical citation, whether it'south the writer's name or the title, it needs to friction match the showtime word in the full commendation. The full citation is found on the "Works Cited" page in MLA.

Format your parenthetical and MLA in-text citation as follows:

"Direct quote" or Paraphrase (Author's concluding name and page number). This is an MLA parenthetical citation as the author'due south name is in parentheses.

OR

Author'due south Final Name states, "Direct Quote" or paraphrase (page number). This is an MLA commendation in prose as the author's name is in the prose of your judgement.

Examples:

"Jim never got back with a saucepan of water nether an hr—and even and so somebody generally had to go afterward him" (Twain 8).

OR

Twain went on to say, "Jim never got back with a bucket of water under an hr—and even and so somebody generally had to go after him" (8).

Other things to keep in mind:

If your in-text citation comes from a website or another source that does not have page numbers, use the post-obit abbreviations:

• If the source has designated paragraph numbers, use par. or pars.
• If the source has designated sections, employ sec. or secs.
• If the source has designated chapters, use ch. or chs.
• If the source has designated lines, apply line or lines.

Example in MLA formatting:

Gregor's sister is quite persuasive, especially when she states to her parents, "It'll be the death of both of you lot, I can run across it coming. Nosotros can't all work as hard as we have to and then come up abode to exist tortured similar this, we can't endure it" (Kafka, ch. 3).

• If at that place aren't folio, paragraph, section, or chapter numbers, merely include the author's name in the in-text or parenthetical citation.
• If the original source is an sound or video recording, afterward the author's proper name or championship, place a timestamp.

The girl's affection towards Marley is articulate when she blushes upon his inflow and shares that she would like to accompany him to the theater (Tales of Times Ago 12:45).

• 2 authors: place both names in the reference.

Malcolm and Knowles state... (12).

OR

The smaller the form size, the more attention a student receives, which greatly impacts learning (Malcolm and Knowles 12).

• Three or more authors: identify all three names in the in-text commendation. It's also adequate to employ the phrase, "and others," or another cohesive term. For parenthetical citations, apply the abbreviation et al.

Smith, Baker, and Klein share that.... (78). OR Smith and others share that.... (78).

OR

Many lizards, including the Carolina anole, merely eat when they're hungry. They'll ignore food until their body sends a signal to eat (Smith et al. 78).

• Authors with the same terminal proper noun: Include the get-go initial of the author'due south first proper noun in the in-text or parenthetical citation.

I study shows that the average time spent on homework is 52 minutes (R. Brown 17). All the same, a more than recent study, released in 2018, found that the average student spends 42 minutes completing homework (S. Dark-brown 966).

• Quoted text: Share in the text that the quote comes from another private.

Lawrence shares his insight by stating that "instructions need to be shared, non assumed" (Immature 55).

Common Examples:

Citations for Books:

The basic entry for a book consists of the writer'south name, the book title, the publisher, and the twelvemonth published.

Format:

Author's Last name, First proper name. Book Title. Publisher, Year Published.

MLA book citation example:

Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818.

The first author's proper noun should be reversed, with a comma later the last name and a flow after the first name (or whatever middle name). The proper name should not be abbreviated and should be written exactly as it appears on the championship page.

For a volume written by two authors:

• Listing them in order as they announced on the embrace or title folio.
• Only the first author's name should be reversed, while the 2d author's name is written in normal order. Separate writer names past a comma, and identify the word "and" before the second writer'due south name.

Smith, John, and Bob Anderson. The Sample Book. Books For Us, 2017.

• For books with three or more than authors, just include the offset author, followed past a comma and the abridgement "et al."

Campbell, Megan, et al. The Best Noun Volume. Books For The states, 2017.

The full championship of the volume, including any subtitles, should exist italicized and followed by a period. If the volume has a subtitle, the primary title should exist followed by a colon (unless the main title ends with a question mark or exclamation point).

The Best Books for Kids: A Complete Album.

Publication information can generally be establish on the title page of a book. If it is not available at that place, it may also be establish on the copyright page. State the name of the publisher.

If you are citing a specific page range from the book, include the page(southward) at the end of the citation.

Smith, John, and Bob Anderson. The Sample Book. Books For Us, 2017, pp. 5-12.

When a book has no edition number/name nowadays, it is more often than not a first edition. If you take to cite a specific edition of a book later than the first, meet the section below on citing edited books.

Citations for Translated Books:

If the translation is the focus of your projection, include the translator's name at the beginning of the citation, like this:

Translator's Last name, Outset proper noun, translator. Title. Past Original Author'southward First name Last name, Publisher, Year published.

If it's non the bodily translation that is the focus, only the text itself, include the translator's proper noun in the "other contributors" position, like this:

Original Author's Last proper noun, First proper noun. Title. Translated by First Proper name Last name. Publisher, Yr published.

Citations for E-Books:

Due east-books are formatted differently than print books. Why? Some e-books take unlike, or extra, information than print books. In add-on, e-volume pages are oft numbered differently. Since the content and format may differ from print books, e-volume citations are structured differently. When citing an e-book from a website, format the e-volume commendation with the website championship and URL. When citing an e-book in a digital book format, which lacks a URL or that requires software on an e-reader device, include "eastward-volume ed." for the Version chemical element of the citation. If yous know that the e-book file format (EPUB, MOBI, etc.) varies depending on the due east-book publication, you may too include the file format equally a supplemental element at the end of the entry.

Format for an due east-volume constitute on the Internet:

Author'southward Last name, First name. Title of Due east-Book. Publisher, Twelvemonth Published. Title of Website, URL.

Example:

Rodgers, Tara. Pink Noises: Women on Electronic Music and Sound. Duke Up, 2010. Google Books, books.google.com/books?id=syqTarqO5XEC&lpg=PP1&dq=electronic%20music&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=electronic%20music&f=false.

Format for an e-book establish on an due east-reader:

Author's Last proper name, Kickoff proper name. Title of Eastward-book.. East-Book ed., Publisher, Year Published.

Rodgers, Tara. Pink Noises: Women on Electronic Music and Sound. E-volume ed., Duke Upwardly, 2010. EPUB.

Format for an due east-book establish on an e-reader with a file format included:

Writer's Concluding name, First name. Title of E-volume. E-Volume ed., Publisher, Yr Published. File Format.

Rodgers, Tara. Pink Noises: Women on Electronic Music and Sound. East-Book ed., Knuckles Up, 2010. EPUB.

Citations for Chapters in Books:

Private chapters are cited when a writer uses a book filled with many chapters, each written by different authors. When citing a specific affiliate in a book or an anthology, structure the citation similar this:

Last name, Showtime name of Chapter'southward Writer. "Title of Chapter." Title of Volume, Other Contributors and their roles, Version (if at that place'due south a specific edition), Publisher, Yr Published, Folio or Page Range.

Example:

Levi-Strauss, Claude. "The Structural Study of Myth." Literary Adverb Theory: An Anthology, edited by Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan, 3rd ed., Wiley Blackwell, 2017, pp. 178-195.

Citations for Edited Books:

If your book is non a first edition, you lot should annotation this in the commendation. If the volume is a revised edition or an edition that includes substantial new content, include the number, name, or twelvemonth of the edition and the abbreviation "ed." after the book title. "Revised edition" should be abbreviated as "Revised ed." and "Abridged edition" should be "Abridged ed." The edition tin usually be found on the championship page, equally well the copyright page, forth with the edition's engagement.

Format:

Author's Last name, First proper noun, editor. Title of Volume. Numbered ed., Publisher, Year Published.

Examples:

Ferraro, Gary, and Susan Andreatta, editors. Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. 10th ed., Cengage Learning, 2014.

Smith, John. The MLA Sample Paper Book. Revised ed., Books For Us, 2017.

If your edited book has more ane author, refer to the directions to a higher place under the heading "Authors."

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Citations for Websites:

Wondering how to cite a website in MLA? The nigh basic entry for an MLA website commendation consists of the author name(south), page title, website title, sponsoring institution/publisher, date published, and the DOI or URL.

Format:

Author'south Terminal name, Starting time name. "Title of Private Web Page." Title of Website, Publisher, Date, DOI or URL.

Example:

Fosslien, Liz, and Mollie West. "three Ways to Hack Your Surroundings to Help You lot Create." Huffpost Preposition Try, Huffington Post, December. 7, 2016, world wide web.huffingtonpost.com/entry/3-means-to-hack-your-environment-to-aid-you lot-createu.s.580f758be4b02444efa569bc.

The starting time author'due south proper name should exist reversed, with a comma placed later the last name and a menses after the first proper noun (or any middle name). The name should not be abbreviated and should exist written exactly equally information technology appears on the website.

For a folio with two or more than authors, list them in the club they appear on the website. Only the start author's name should be reversed, with the others written in normal order. Divide author names past a comma, and place the give-and-take "and" before the last author'southward proper noun. For pages with three or more authors, only include the kickoff author, followed by the abbreviation "et al."

If no author is bachelor, begin the citation with the folio title.

The folio championship should be placed within quotation marks. Place a flow after the page championship within the quotation marks. The page title is followed by the name of the website, which is italicized, followed past a comma.

Subsequently the website championship, include the sponsoring institution or publisher followed by a comma. The sponsoring institution/publisher can ordinarily be plant at the bottom of the website, in the footer. If the name of the publisher is the same as the proper name as the website, do not include the publisher information in your citation. In MLA format, it is not recommended to include indistinguishable information for a website.

Adjacent, land the publication date of the page.In some cases, a specific date might not be available, and the date published may simply be specific to a month or even a year. Provide whatsoever date data is available.

Stop the citation with the URL. Y'all tin usually leave out http:// or https:// from URLs unless y'all desire to hyperlink them. For DOIs, utilise http:// or https:// before the DOI: https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxx.xxxx.xxxx. Finish the unabridged commendation with a menstruation.

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Citations for Online Journal Articles:

The almost basic entry for a journal consists of the writer name(due south), article title, journal name, volume number, issue number, twelvemonth published, page numbers, name of website or database where the article was plant, and URL or Straight Object Identifier (DOI).

Format:

Author's Final name, First name. "Championship of Periodical Commodity." Title of Journal, vol. number, issue no., Date, Folio Range. Database or Website Proper noun, URL or DOI.

Example:

Snyder, Vivian. "The Consequence Grade-Based Reading Strategy Training on the Reading Comprehension Skills of Developmental College Students." Enquiry and Teaching in Developmental Education, vol. 18, no. ii, spring 2002, pp. 37-41. *JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/42802532.

*According to MLA ninth edition, lowercase seasons (bound 2002 not Bound 2002). Do not capitalize seasons.

Almost online periodical articles have two containers. The starting time is the journal that the article is in, and the second is the website or database the periodical is in.

The first writer'south proper name should be reversed, with a comma later the last proper name and a menses after the starting time name (or any center name). The name should not exist abbreviated and should be written exactly as it appears in the journal.

For an commodity written by 2 authors, list them in the social club they appear in the journal. Only the first author's name should be reversed, while the second is written in normal order. Separate author names by a comma, and identify the word "and" before the second author'southward name.

Krispeth, Klein, and Stewart Jacobs.

For articles with three or more than authors, include the name of the first author in the citation, followed by a comma and the abridgement "et al."

Jones, Langston, et al.

The article title should be placed within quotation marks. Place a period afterwards the article title within the quotation marks, unless the article title ends with a question mark or assertion marker. The article title is followed by the name of the journal, which is italicized.

Include the volume number of the journal, but use the abridgement "vol." You may also need to include the issue number, depending on the journal. Apply the abridgement "no." before the journal'south outcome number.

Jones, Robert, et al. "Librarianship in the Futurity." Libraries Today, vol. v, no. ii, Mar. 2017, pp. 89-103. Database Life, world wide web.dbl.com/6854.

Yous tin can usually exit out http:// or https:// from URLs unless you want to hyperlink them. For DOIs, use http:// or https:// earlier the DOI: https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxx.xxxx.xxxx. If the article has a DOI, utilize the DOI instead of the URL.

Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)

But put, a Digital Object Identifier (usually abbreviated as "DOI") is an identification number or source link for a document or file. It'south a system that is widely used past journals today. The DOI is comprised of symbols, numbers, and letters.

Example: https://doi:x.1038/s41586-019-1805-z.

This unique number system is very benign to readers and authors since information technology can be used to immediately locate an exact document, even if a host spider web page or database has altered an article's URL.

How practise I find an article'southward DOI?

In print or PDF form, the first place to check is the forepart page of the commodity. If information technology is an online commodity, look for the DOI almost the meridian of the article, at the very end of the commodity, or wherever commendation information is located. Here are a few examples:

Hither is an example from The New England Journal of Medicine:

Hither is an example from the lesser of a Nature article:

Where in a citation is the DOI included?

If a DOI for an article exists, place it at the end of the commendation. Here's an example for the New England Journal of Medicine commodity previously shown:

Thomas, Cristina, et al. "Facing Uncertainty." New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 381, no. 23, 2019, pp. 2253–2259, https://doi:10.1056/nejmcps1906037.

Citations for Blogs:

Blogs can be good sources to use for research papers and projects since many are regularly updated and written past influencers and experts.

Blogs can belong to a single private, a group of people, or a company. Most entries for a blog include a title for that solar day'south entry, the date it was posted, and the information.

To cite a blog, you'll need the following pieces of information: * The author's proper name(s) or the name of the company who posted the blog * The title of the private web log mail * The title of the weblog * The proper noun of the publisher (if it differs from the name of the author(s) or title of the web log) * The engagement the blog mail was posted * The website accost (URL) for the web log mail

Format:

Writer's Last name, Get-go name. "Title of Blog Post." Championship of Blog, Publisher, Date Published, URL.

Instance:

BibMe. "How to Spell in English language: British vs. American." BibMe Web log, world wide web.bibme.org/blog/writing-tips/how-to-spell-in-english-british-vs-american/.

Notice in the above case, the date is missing. If at that place is no date shown on the weblog post, omit it from the full citation.

Example:

Williams, Lindsay. "How to Get the About from Your Online Language Lessons with a Tutor." Lindsay Does Languages, 2019 Feb. 12, www.lindsaydoeslanguages.com/how-to-get-the-nearly-from-your-online-language-lessons-with-a-tutor/.

Cite a blog post in the text of the paper using this format:

(Author'southward Last name) OR Author's Terminal name...

Since there isn't a page number, but apply the writer's final proper name.

Citations for Newspapers:

The most basic entry for a paper consists of the author name(due south), commodity championship, paper proper noun, publication engagement, page numbers, and sometimes a URL if constitute online. Omit volume numbers, issue numbers, and the names of publishers from paper citations.

Format if institute on a website:

Writer's Final name, Outset proper noun. "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper's Website, Publication Date, URL.

Format if plant on a database:

Writer'due south Last proper name, Starting time name. "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, Page or Page Range (if available). Title of Database, URL.

MLA format case:

This example is for a print newspaper:

Hageman, William. "Program Brings Together Veterans, Neglected Dogs." Chicago Tribune, 4 Jan. 2015, p. x.

The total article title should be placed within quotations. Next, land the proper name of the newspaper in italics.

Towards the terminate of the commendation, include the page numbers on which the article appears with a period. Cite all inclusive page numbers --- if the article spans pages that are not sequent, cite only the commencement page, followed by a plus sign.

Don't forget, the BibMe citation generator in MLA creates citations for y'all quickly and easily! Also, check out BibMe Plus paper checker, which scans your newspaper for correct usage of linguistic communication elements. Have a determiner out of place in your writing? A pronoun spelled incorrectly? An overused adjective? No worries, BibMe Plus has you covered!

Citations for Photographs:

The nigh basic entry for a photo consists of the lensman'southward proper name, the title of the photograph, the title of the book, website, or collection where the photograph tin can be located, the publisher of the photo or publication where the image was located, the engagement the photograph was posted or taken, and the page number, location of the museum (such as a urban center and state), or URL if found online.

Format:

Photographer'southward Last name, First name. "Title of the Photograph." Title of the Book, Website, Collection, or other type of publication where the photograph was institute, Appointment photo was taken, Folio Number (if applicable), Location (such every bit a city and country if necessary) where the photo can be plant, or URL.

Brainstorm with the proper noun of the lensman or master correspondent (if bachelor). This person'due south proper noun should be reversed, with a comma placed after the final name and a catamenia after the first proper noun (and whatsoever middle name).

For a photograph taken from a publication or website, include the title of the photograph in quotation marks followed by a catamenia. If the photograph does not take a formal title, create a description. If y'all make your own description, only include a capital at the beginning of the description and at the beginning of whatsoever proper nouns. Do non identify the description in italics or quotation marks.

Place the title of the publication in italics immediately following the description, followed by a comma.

Digital Image/Photograph plant online:

Photograph of the Hudson Area Public Library. JMS Collective, 19 Apr. 2016, www.jmscollective.com/hudson-ny-3/historic-hudson-armory-at present-public-\ library/.

*Annotation that the in a higher place photograph does not accept a formal championship, then the photo citation contains a description instead.

Photograph or Image viewed in a museum:

Vishniac, Roman. "Carmine Spotted Purple." Roman Vishniac's Science Piece of work, early 1950s - late 1960s, International Center of Photography at Mana, New Bailiwick of jersey.

Photograph or Image found in a book:

Barnard, Edwin. Photo of Murray Street, Hobart. Exiled: The Port Arthur Convict Photographs, National Library of Australia, 2010, p. xx.

Citing Social Media in MLA Format:

It'due south not uncommon to see social media posts included in research projects and papers. Well-nigh social media citations employ the following structure:

@Username (First name Final name, if known, and differs from handle). "Text of post." Social Media Platform, Date posted, URL.

If the post is a photo or image instead of text, include a description of the image. Only capitalize the first letter of the alphabet in the clarification and the outset alphabetic character for any proper nouns. Do not place the clarification in quotation marks.

If the post is long or includes emojis or links, it is acceptable to include only the beginning of the tweet with an ellipsis at the end of the included portion.

Citing a Twee:

Instance:

@BibMe. "Demand help with MLA essay format? Here are 6 steps to getting information technology done..." Twitter, 3 December. 2018, twitter.com/bibme/status/1069682724716204032.

Citing a Facebook Postal service:

Example:

DeGeneres, Ellen. "Vacation political party goals..." Facebook, 21 December. 2018, www.facebook.com/ellentv/photos/a.182755292239/10157188088077240/?type=3&theater.

Citing an Instagram Post:

Example:

@dualipa. "A lil Hollywood glam brunch! Thank yous @variety for by Quantum Artist of the Year award and cheers for your continuous back up...." Instagram, 2 Dec. 2018, www.instagram.com/p/Bq33SC2BAsr/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link.

Citations for Music:

Citing a Song from the Internet:

To cite this blazon of source, structure the reference as follows:

Singer's Terminal Name, First name OR Ring Proper name. "Title of Vocal." Title of Website or Service, Other Contributors and their roles (if applicative), Version, Date Published, URL.

Lopez, Jennifer. "Us." Spotify, 2 Feb. 2018, open up.spotify.com/rails/2MMvonKGALz6YOJwaKDO3q.

Citing a song from an album or downloaded:

Singer's Final name, Start proper noun OR Band Name. "Title of Song." Title of Anthology, Other Contributors and their roles (if applicable), Version, Publisher, Engagement Published or Released.

Lopez, Jennifer. "On the Flooring." LOVE?, performance by Pitbull, Island, 2011.

Citations for Films:

The near basic entry for a film consists of the title, managing director, publisher, and twelvemonth of release. You may likewise cull to include the names of the writer(s), performer(due south), and the producer(southward), depending on who your research focuses on. You can also include certain individuals to help readers locate the exact source themselves.

Case of a mutual way to cite a picture show:

Film Title. Directed by Beginning name Last name, performance past Outset Proper noun Last Name, Publisher, Year.

BibMe: The Movie. Directed by John Smith, functioning by Jane Doe, New York Stories, 2017.

If your research focuses on a specific individual, yous tin can brainstorm the citation with that private's name (in reverse order) and their role. Format it the same manner as you would an author's name.

Doe, Jane, performer. BibMe: The Film. Directed by John Smith, New York Stories, 2017.

If the film is dubbed in English or does not take an English language title, utilise the foreign language championship in the citation, followed by a square bracket that includes the translated title.

Citas gobiernan el mundo [Citations Rule the World]. Directed past Sara Paul, Showcase Films, 2017.

If the moving-picture show was found online, such equally YouTube or another site, include the name of the website and the URL.

Last name, Showtime proper name of Individual who posted the video OR Account proper noun. "Flick Championship." Website Title, other individuals and their roles (if applicable), Publisher, Year Published, URL.

The New York Public Library. "2018 National Volume Awards Finalists at NYPL." YouTube, 15 November. 2018, youtu.exist/edJqg3NuF2Q.

*Notation that the New York Public Library was not listed as the publisher of the video. Adding "The New York Public Library" in the citation twice is non necessary.

Since the citation has ii titles included (the title of the movie and the title of the website), the title of the motion picture is placed in quotation marks and the title of the website is in italics.

Citations for TV/Radio:

The most basic MLA format commendation for a radio/TV program consists of the individuals responsible for the creation of the episode (if they're important to your research), the episode title, plan/series proper name, broadcasting network or publisher, the original broadcast date, and the URL.

"The Highlights of 100." Seinfeld, NBC, 2 Feb. 1995.

If your enquiry focuses on a specific individual from a Telly or radio circulate, include their proper name at the beginning of the commendation in the author position.

If relevant, you may also choose to include the names of personnel involved with the program. Depending if the personnel are relevant to the specific episode or the series as a whole, place the personnel names after the plan/series name. You may cite narrator(due south) preceded by "narrated past", author(southward) preceded past "written past", directors preceded by "directed by", performer(s) preceded by "performance by", and/or producer(s) preceded by "produced past" and so the individual names. Include equally many individuals as you like. Write these personnel names in normal order --- practise not reverse the first and final names.

"The Highlights of 100." Seinfeld, directed by Andy Ackerman, written by Peter Mehlman, NBC, 2 Feb. 1995.

As well include the name of the network on which the program was broadcasted, followed by a comma.

Country the date on which your program was originally broadcasted, followed by a period. When including the URL, follow the date with a comma and place the URL at the cease, followed past a period to end the citation. Yous can usually leave out http:// or https:// from URLs unless yous desire to hyperlink them.

Citations for Lectures:

The most basic entry for a lecture consists of the speaker'southward name, presentation title, date conducted, and the name and location of the venue.

Speaker's Last name, Showtime proper name. Title of Lecture. Date Conducted, Venue, Location.

Pausch, Randy. Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams. 18 Sept. 2007, McConomy Auditorium, Pittsburgh.

Brainstorm the citation with the proper noun of the speaker. This person's proper name should be reversed. If the lecture has a title, place it in the citation in italics, followed past a period. State the appointment on which the lecture was conducted, followed by a comma. Conclude your citation with the location/venue proper name and the city in which it occurred, separated past a comma.

Citations for Encyclopedias

The most basic entry for an encyclopedia consists of the author name(s), article title, encyclopedia name, publisher, and twelvemonth published.

Final Name, First Name. "Article Championship." Encyclopedia Name, Publisher, Year Published.

Smith, John. "Net." Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012.

Notice that the name of the publisher was not included in the example in a higher place. Only include the proper name of the publisher if it differs from the name of the encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica is the name of the encyclopedia AND the proper noun of the publisher. Information technology is not necessary to include Encyclopedia Britannica twice in the citation.

If there are no authors for the article, begin the commendation with the article title instead.

"Media." Earth Volume Encyclopedia, 2010.

If the encyclopedia arranges articles alphabetically, do not cite the page number(s) or number of volumes. If articles are not bundled alphabetically, yous may want to include page number(s) and/or volume number, which is preceded past the abridgement "vol." The volume should be cited after the encyclopedia name (or any edition), and earlier any publication information. After the publication year, include the page numbers on which the article appears, forth with a period. Cite all inclusive page numbers --- if the article spans pages that are non consecutive, cite only the first page, followed past a plus sign.

Saunders, Bill. "Treasure." Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. 18, 2012, p. 56.

If the encyclopedia entry is constitute on a website, use the following structure:

Last name, First proper name. "Encyclopedia Entry." Title of Encyclopedia Website, Publisher, Year published, URL.

Citations for Magazines:

The almost basic entry for a magazine consists of the author proper name(south), article title, magazine name, the book and result numbers (if bachelor), publication date, folio numbers, and URL if found online.

Last name, First name. "Article Championship." Magazine Name, vol. number, consequence no., Publication Date, Folio Numbers or URL.

Impress example:

Pratt, Sybil. "A Feast of Tradition." BookPage, Oct. 2017, p. 8.

Online example:

Geagan, Kate. "Sweeter Swaps: How to Choose Sustainable Sweeteners." Clean Eating, no. 83, November./December. 2018, pp. 36-37. Flipster, cleaneating.eoncontent.ebscohost.com/1927216#&pageSet=nineteen.

The first author'due south name should be reversed, with a comma placed after the last name and a menses after the beginning name (or whatever middle name). The name should non exist abbreviated and should be written exactly every bit information technology appears in the magazine.

For an article written by two or more authors, list them in the order equally they announced on the title folio. Simply the start author's name should be reversed, while the others are written in normal order. Separate writer names by a comma, and place the word "and" earlier the last author's proper name. For articles with three or more authors, only include the first author, followed past the abbreviation "et al."

The full commodity title should be placed inside quotations. Unless there is punctuation that ends the article title, place a menstruation after the title within the quotations. Adjacent, land the name of the magazine in italics.

If book and issue numbers are available, include them in the citation. Use the abbreviations "vol." and "no." before the volume number and effect number.

Example: vol. 6, no. ane

The date the magazine was published comes directly after the volume and issue number. Apply whichever appointment the magazine includes, whether it'south a consummate date, a period spanning two months, a season (lowercased), or just a month and yr. Follow this information with a comma.

Include the page number(s) on which the article appears. Cite all inclusive page numbers --- if the article spans pages that are not sequent, cite only the beginning folio, followed by a plus sign.

If the magazine commodity was found online, include the DOI or URL. Use a DOI instead of a URL when it is available. You lot tin can normally leave out http:// or https:// from URLs unless you want to hyperlink them. For DOIs, use http:// or https:// earlier the DOI: https://doi.org/20.xxxx/thirty.xxxx.xxxx. End the commendation with a period.

Citations for Interviews:

Begin your citation with the name of the person interviewed. This person's name should be reversed, with a comma placed subsequently the last proper name and a period afterwards the first proper name (or any middle proper noun).

For an interview that has been circulate or published, if there is a championship, include it after the name of the person interviewed.

Jolie, Angelina. "Existence a Female parent." Interview conducted by Steve Kroft, hour, CBS, 3 Feb. 2009.

If there is no title, use the word "Interview" in identify of a championship and do not use quotation marks or italics. If the interviewer'southward proper name is known, add it, preceded by "Conducted by", afterward the word "Interview". Do not reverse the interviewer'south name.

Jenkins, Lila. Interview. Conducted by Jessica Grossman. 5 Mar. 2017.

For published interviews found online, include the title of the website after the championship of the interview. In addition, add together the URL at the end of the commendation.

Michaels, Jamye. "Fighting to Survive." Women's Magazine of Life, two November. 2016, www.womensmagazine.com/fightingtosurvive.com.

Citations for Dissertations and Theses:

In club to obtain a degree, nigh colleges and universities require students to submit a dissertation or thesis towards the end of their bookish track. Dissertations and theses are lengthy essays or in-depth research projects that relate to the scope of the student'due south learning.

For example, if a student is close to obtaining their Master's in Library Scientific discipline, the educatee could report and write about the Internet searching habits of elderly individuals, or perhaps focus on the enquiry skills of economically disadvantaged adults.

Upon completion, this individual consignment is often presented to the master directors, committee members, or professors at the schoolhouse for approval.

A dissertation is generally assigned to students who are completing their doctorate degree, and many graduate schools require students to hand in a thesis to obtain a master'southward degree.

Since so much enquiry and work went into these scholarly projects, and new ideas and conclusions are often produced, many colleges and universities publish the completed papers. Y'all tin find these projects on many schoolhouse websites and databases.

Here'south one fashion you can reference a dissertation or thesis:

Format:

Author's Final Name, Get-go name. Title of Dissertation or Thesis. Year Completed. University or College, Degree Abbr. Database, DOI or URL.

Examples:

Kim, Kee Han. Development of an Improved Methodology for Analyzing Existing Unmarried-Family Residential Energy Utilise. 2014. Texas A & G U, PhD. ProQuest, https://ezproxy.nypl.org/socabs/docview/1665251619/abstruse/E9D36166E31040AEPQ/ane?accountid=35635.

Fletcher, Marissa. Influences of Nutrition and Pathogenicity from a Microbial Diet on Immunity and Longevity in Caenorhabditis Elegans. 2012. Massachusetts Institute of Applied science, PhD. DSpace@MIT, https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/120633.

Using Visuals

Including a visual in your project is a great fashion to make information come to life, as visuals can complement written work and raise understanding.

Photographs, maps, charts, graphs, line drawings, musical scores, and tables are images that can exist included in a project.

Follow these directions to add an epitome to your research paper:

• Images should exist placed shut to where they're mentioned in the text.
• Provide a brief explanation virtually the image in the written portion of the paper, only exercise not write out all information shown in the image. Doing so would make the prototype unnecessary. (See the visual "Tabular array example" at the end of this section.)

Correct example: Table one shows unremarkably used words in Shakespeare'due south plays and their English translation.

Wrong example: Table i shows commonly used words in Shakespeare's plays and their English translation. Brave translates to handsome, graphic symbol ways a letter or word, egal means equal, fancy is a term for want, and honest translates to pure.

• Tables are titled Tabular array X, figures are Fig. X, and examples are Ex. X.
• Whatever blazon of image that includes an illustration is considered a "Figure".
• Musical scores or sheet music are considered "Examples".
• If the information beneath the image contains all of the source information, a total reference on the "Works Cited" page is not necessary.
• Double space everything.
• The image should have the same 1-inch margins every bit the rest of the paper.

Cheque out the examples below to see how tables, figures, and musical scores are bundled.

Table Example:

Effigy Example:

Musical score example:

Your "Works Cited" Folio

An MLA "Works Cited" or MLA "Work Cited" folio contains all of the citations for a project.

• This page sits on its own and is plant at the end of a project.
• If there is but ane commendation on the page, title the page: Piece of work Cited. While it might seem dizzy to have a full folio defended to one citation, a "Work Cited" page in MLA is notwithstanding necessary. If at that place are multiple citations on the page, title the page: Works Cited.
• Double space the entire list of works cited.
• Include the writer'south last name and the page number, at the top right corner of the page.
• Every in-text or parenthetical citation in the body of the project should correspond with its full citation listed on the MLA "Works Cited" or "Piece of work Cited" page.
• All full citations in MLA formatting have a hanging indent. This means that the first line of the citation sits flush against the left margin. The 2d line, and any subsequent lines, are indented in another half inch. If y'all demand a visual, all full citations on this page have a hanging indent.
• Citations are listed in alphabetical order past the first alphabetic character found in the citation.
• If there are multiple sources by the aforementioned writer, only include the writer's name in the first commendation. For each citation afterward, MLA formatting requires you to include three dashes and a period. Organize the citations by the title.

Example of a Works-Cited List with Multiple Works past Aforementioned Author:

Riggs, Bribe. Miss Peregrine's Dwelling for Peculiar Children. Quirk, 2011.

---. Tales of the Peculiar. Dutton, 2016.

• When alphabetizing past titles, ignore "A," "An," and "The," and use the next function of the title.
• If the title starts with a number, identify the title where it would belong if the number was spelled out.

MLA formatting example:

1492: The Year Our World Began would be alphabetized under F (for fourteen)

Sample Works Cited:

Formatting Your Header:

The kickoff page of your MLA format paper should include a header. An MLA cover page, or MLA title page, that sits on its own isn't necessary or recommended.

MLA heading format includes the post-obit pieces of information, styled like this, in this society:

Your name

Your professor or teacher'southward proper noun

The form and/or course number

Engagement of submission

• Double space everything on the page.
• In the peak right corner, include your final name and the page number.
• The title should be centered in the centre of the page.
• Use any type of font that is easy to read for the entire paper.
• MLA newspaper format requires 12-point font, or another size close to it.

Sample MLA Header:

Using BibMe.org to Create Citations for your MLA Works Cited Page or MLA Bibliography

Wondering how to use MLA format? The BibMe automatic MLA format generator formats your citations for you. Enter a title, spider web address, ISBN number, or other identifying information into the MLA format template to automatically cite your sources. If yous need aid with BibMe.org or our commendation machine in MLA, click hither on more than styles.

Try This Out:

The BibMe service is an extremely helpful resources that helps y'all create your citations for your project, but in that location'south more than. The BibMe service also has a characteristic that will help to proofread your entire MLA format essay. The BibMe Plus paper checker scans for proper spelling, punctuation, linguistic communication elements, and syntax. Information technology volition tell y'all if a language element, such as a preposition, conjunction, or interjection, is a bit off. It too has a built-in plagiarism checker, which scans papers for instances of accidental plagiarism. Try information technology out now!

More than Information:

Here's more information on the previous handbooks. There'due south further proficient information here, including MLA format examples and examples of MLA in-text citations.

Background Information and History:

The Modern Language Association was developed in 1883 and was created to strengthen the written report and educational activity of languages and literature. With over 25,000 current members worldwide, the Mod Language Association continuously strives to go on its members up-to-date on the best practices, methods, and trends related to language and literature. The Modernistic Linguistic communication Association boasts an annual conference, journal, an online advice platform, numerous area-focused committees, and one of its most popular publications, the MLA Handbook, now in its 9th edition.

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Updated June 25, 2021

Edited and written by Elise Barbeau and Michele Kirschenbaum. Elise is a commendation expert and has her master's degree in public history/library science. She has experience in digital marketing, libraries, and publishing. Michele is a certified library media specialist who loves citations and instruction. She's been writing well-nigh citing sources since 2014.

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Source: https://www.bibme.org/mla